Roman numeral converter

How Roman numerals work

Seven letters carry the values I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500 and M = 1000. Letters are added from left to right (VIII = 8), except that a smaller letter placed before a larger one is subtracted (IV = 4, XC = 90). Only six subtractive pairs are standard: IV, IX, XL, XC, CD and CM.

Range

The standard notation goes from 1 to 3999 (MMMCMXCIX). There is no zero and no negative number. Larger values were written with a bar over the letters to multiply them by 1000, which plain text cannot show, so they are not supported here.

Non-standard forms

Clocks often show IIII instead of IV, and you will meet forms like IC for 99 or IIX for 8. The tool still reads them, gives the value, and shows the standard spelling next to it so you can correct a date or a chapter number.

Example

Both directions in one list, plus a clock-face form that is not standard.

Input

2026
MCMXCIV
IIII

Output

2026 = MMXXVI
MCMXCIV = 1994
IIII = 4  (not standard: usually written IV)

How to use

1. Type or paste your text in the box above.
2. The result updates as you type; change the options to switch mode.
3. Copy the result or download it.

FAQ

What is 2026 in Roman numerals?

MMXXVI: MM = 2000, XX = 20, VI = 6.

How do you write 4 and 9?

IV and IX. IIII is sometimes used on clock faces but is not the standard form.

What is the largest Roman numeral?

With standard letters, 3999 = MMMCMXCIX.

Can I convert years for a tattoo or an engraving?

Yes. Type the day, month and year as separate lines, for example 14, 7 and 1989, and check the result twice before using it.